How Long to Read Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State

How Long Does it Take to Read Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 44 minutes to read Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State by Timothy J. Sullivan

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Ecosystem effects from air pollution in the Adirondacks, Catskills, and elsewhere in New York have been substantial. Efforts to characterize and quantify these impacts, and to examine more recent recovery, have focused largely on surface waters, soils, and forests. Lakes, streams, and soils have acidified. Estuaries have become more eutrophic. Nutrient cycles have been disrupted. Mercury has bioaccumulated to toxic levels. Plant species composition has changed. Some surface waters show signs of partial chemical recovery in response to emissions control programs, but available data suggest that soil chemistry may continue to deteriorate under expected future emissions and deposition. Resource managers, policymakers, and scientists now need to know the extent to which current and projected future emissions reductions will lead to ecosystem recovery. In this book, Timothy J. Sullivan provides a comprehensive synthesis of past, current, and potential future conditions regarding atmospheric sulfur, nitrogen oxides, ammonium, and mercury deposition; surface water chemistry; soil chemistry; forests; and aquatic biota in New York, providing much needed information to help set emissions reduction goals, evaluate incremental improvements, conduct cost/benefit analyses, and prioritize research needs. He draws upon a wealth of research conducted over the past thirty years that has categorized, quantified, and advanced understanding of ecosystem processes related to atmospheric deposition of strong acids, nutrients, and mercury and associated ecosystem effects. An important component of this volume is the new interest in the management and mitigation of ecosystem damage from air pollution stress, which builds on the "critical loads" approach pioneered in Europe and now gaining interest in the United States. This book will inform scientists, resource managers, and policy analysts regarding the state of scientific knowledge on these complex topics and their policy relevance and will help to guide public policy assessment work in New York, the Northeast, and nationally.

How long is Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State?

Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State by Timothy J. Sullivan is 336 pages long, and a total of 86,016 words.

This makes it 113% the length of the average book. It also has 105% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 50 minutes to read Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State aloud.

What Reading Level is Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State?

Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State?

Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State by Timothy J. Sullivan is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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