How Long to Read Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands

How Long Does it Take to Read Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 3 minutes to read Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands by Cathy Kilroy

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Algal communities in wetlands have received little attention in New Zealand despite their significant role as primary producers and their increasing use overseas as indicators of wetland condition. This important gap in knowledge of wetland biodiversity was addressed through a series of studies aimed at: 1) quantifying spatial and temporal variability in algal communities in wetlands; 2) exploring linkages between algal communities and local/regional environmental variables; and 3) documenting algal taxa in relatively unimpacted wetlands throughout New Zealand. In a small-scale study in an alpine wetland (a tarn complex) aimed at determining what optimum sampling intensity may be required to represent species diversity and the abundances of common taxa, we found that four to five samples appeared sufficient. In the same wetland, large differences in community composition between sites were associated with differences in alkalinity, water colour (determined as absorbance at 440 nm; gilvin) and pH. However, characteristic community composition was retained over at least two years. In a New Zealand-wide study, relatively unimpacted lowland wetlands had high algal diversity compared to that of other taxonomic groups. Algal communities differed between the North and South Islands, with differences attributable to inter-island differences in water conductivity, pH and dissolved nutrients. Within islands, nutrient, catchment and geological variables explained variation, as well as pH. Based on these and other published studies, we make recommendations for survey protocols to aid future studies of wetland algae. We also discuss the potential for use of specific indicator taxa to support conservation and restoration of New Zealand's wetlands.

How long is Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands?

Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands by Cathy Kilroy is 63 pages long, and a total of 15,939 words.

This makes it 21% the length of the average book. It also has 19% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 27 minutes to read Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands aloud.

What Reading Level is Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands?

Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands?

Algal Biodiversity of New Zealand Wetlands by Cathy Kilroy is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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