How Long to Read An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation

How Long Does it Take to Read An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation?

It takes the average reader to read An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation by Lili Yang

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Description

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) accumulate in the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) and have been shown to promote tumor growth and dampen antitumor immune responses. TAM-mediated suppression of T-cell antitumor reactivity is considered to be a major obstacle for many immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T/CAR-T-cell therapies. An ex vivo culture system closely mimicking the TME can greatly facilitate the study of cancer immunotherapies. Here, we report the development of a 3D TME-mimicry culture that is comprised of the three major components of a human TME, including human tumor cells, TAMs, and tumor antigen-specific T cells. This TME-mimicry culture can readout the TAM-mediated suppression of T-cell antitumor reactivity, and therefore can be used to study TAM modulation of T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy. As a proof-of-principle, the studies of a PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy and a MAO-A blockade therapy were performed and validated.

How long is An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation?

An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation by Lili Yang is 0 pages long, and a total of 0 words.

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How Long Does it Take to Read An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes to read An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation aloud.

What Reading Level is An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation?

An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation is suitable for students ages 2 and up.

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