How Long to Read Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment

How Long Does it Take to Read Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 46 minutes to read Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment by Warren D. TenHouten

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This work explores and analyzes anger. We examine it as a single emotion, and as it commonly occurs in combination with other emotions in complex social relationships that often involve power dynamics. We utilize Robert Plutchik's primary-emotions classification to hierarchically categorize anger and other basic and complex emotions, and we compare constructivist and basic-emotion theories of emotion. We conceptualize the primary emotions--including anger--as prototypical adaptive reactions to key existential problems: temporality, social identity, exchange, and hierarchy; these are represented by the elementary social-relations models, communal-sharing (CS), equity-matching (EM), hierarchical-ranking (HR), and socioeconomic-exchanging (SE). Basic emotions are adaptive reactions to these social-relations models: positive and negative experiences of CS yield joy-happiness and sadness-grief; EM, acceptance/incorporation and disgust/rejection; HR, anger and fear; and SE, anticipation and surprise. Anger is uniquely reactive to both positive and negative experiences of social power. Anger is typically elicited by a perceived threat to the self or to the self's project to preserve or attain valued status, resources, or goals. Anger triggers activate a three-stage sociocognitive appraisal process in which the self: (i) perceives that its social position or valued resource is at stake; (ii) endeavors to modify another actor's social intentions concerning norms of social sharing and social cohesion; and (iii) develops an intention act.We examine emotions in power-based social relations, and define secondary emotional pairings that include anger. We conceptualize a pride-shame system, wherein the emotions of pride (an angry joy) and shame (a fearful sadness) accompany outcomes of success and failure in dominance competitions. We also consider the aggression-alarm system, comprised of aggressiveness (anger and anticipation, and alarm (fear and surprise). We identify two potentially toxic, complex emotions--hatred and resentment---as the essential political emotions. Both share anger as a key component, and also include contempt. While anger-rage is central to hatred, hatred is significantly different for it can be harnessed for pernicious ends, becoming an expression or instrument of power; resentment is more typically an emotion of the powerless, arising as a reaction to unjustified suffering. We link anger, hatred, resentment, and other emotions to contemporary United States politics, particularly to competing political ideologies of globalism-neoliberalism, democratic socialism, and nationalism-populism. Globalists' anger includes disgust, even hatred--directed toward opponents of neoliberal economic globalization. Democratic socialists' and populists' anger can advance from helpless, Nietzschean ressentiment, to a forceful resentment. This process is characterized by an inversion of the four primary emotions of powerlessness (acquiescence, fear, sadness, expectation) into the opposite emotions of empowerment (disgust, anger, joy, and surprise). We hypothesize a parallel inversion of the secondary-level emotions of powerlessness (submissiveness, anxiety, resentment, pessimism, fatalism, and shame) into the opposite secondary emotions of empowerment--contempt, outrage, derisiveness, delight, shock, and pride.

How long is Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment?

Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment by Warren D. TenHouten is 278 pages long, and a total of 71,724 words.

This makes it 94% the length of the average book. It also has 88% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 6 hours and 31 minutes to read Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment aloud.

What Reading Level is Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment?

Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment?

Anger: from Primordial Rage to the Politics of Hatred and Resentment by Warren D. TenHouten is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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