How Long to Read Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements

How Long Does it Take to Read Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements?

It takes the average reader and 56 minutes to read Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements by Alina Mungiu-Pippidi

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The report finds evidence that international trade agreements have the potential to act as the exogenous factor breaking the vicious circle of corruption in economies based on privileged connections rather than fair competition. International free trade agreements exert a positive influence by increasing competition directly in the removal of tariffs and so diminishing the power of rentier companies which influence domestic regulation in their favour, and by contributing to a fairer business environment through their transparency provisions; in other words, by reducing the non-tariff barriers generally used to the advantage of domestically connected companies. Evidence is presented that trade openness, red tape reduction and fiscal transparency, especially transparency of procurement, play positive roles in widening control of corruption and can be more easily influenced by external actors than the other important control of corruption factors- judicial independence, freedom of the press or the demand from civil society for good governance. The report argues that indirect good governance policies which increase competition and subvert power and economic monopolies or quasi monopolies are far more effective than direct anticorruption policies which in relying on domestic implementation tend to fall into the vicious circle again. The options offered are between an ‘economist’s approach’ with an apparently more modest but effective good governance package, a ‘lawyer’s’ approach’ with firm anticorruption language but unenforceable provisions even in EU countries (on bribery, for instance), and a ‘holistic’ approach where the EU would coordinate across international trade, promotion of norms and development aid to have a strong and consistent approach demanding good governance as part of its foreign and development policy. However, the report also warrants that the three options may be used alternatively, depending on the degree of development and quality of governance of the trading partner.

How long is Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements?

Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements by Alina Mungiu-Pippidi is 55 pages long, and a total of 14,025 words.

This makes it 19% the length of the average book. It also has 17% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 16 minutes to read Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements aloud.

What Reading Level is Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements?

Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements?

Anti-corruption Provisions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements by Alina Mungiu-Pippidi is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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