How Long to Read Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity

How Long Does it Take to Read Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 3 minutes to read Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity by Mark W. Robinson

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an ancient group of molecules with diverse functions in innate immunity. To date, more than 1000 naturally-occurring AMPs have been identified which display considerable diversity in their primary sequences, lengths, structures and biological activities. Despite this variability, AMPs are broadly classified according to homologous secondary structures as cathelicidins (linear a-helical peptides), defensins (ß-strand peptides connected by disulfide bonds) and bactenecins (loop peptides). Most, but not all, AMPs are cationic with amphipathic faces. These biochemical properties bestow many peptides with potent antimicrobial activity by facilitating interactions with negatively charged microbial cell membrane components, thereby increasing membrane permeability and resulting in microbial death. Other indirect effects on microbial physiology have been reported including inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis, impaired protein synthesis and folding, disruption of cell wall formation and inhibition of microbial cell metabolism. Thus, with the spread of antibiotic-resistant microbial pathogens, AMPs have emerged as exciting candidates for next generation anti-infective therapies. However, recent studies suggest that AMPs have evolved other mechanisms of pathogen clearance. Immunomodulation is a novel approach to antimicrobial therapy that centres on boosting host immunity rather than direct microbial killing. This is also an attractive means to treat sepsis and other immune-mediated diseases. Whilst several cationic peptides are under investigation as antimicrobial agents, a select few show a remarkable ability to protect against lethal endotoxaemia and clinically-relevant bacterial infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The molecular mechanisms responsible for this protection are only beginning to emerge but include prevention of innate cell activation by targeting key stages of bacterial endotoxin-mediated cell signalling. In this research topic, hosted by Frontiers in Molecular Innate Immunity, we aim to highlight key areas of AMP research including peptide diversity, structure-function relationships, antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of immune-modulation. We also aim to stimulate discussion on the emerging therapeutic potential of AMPs including antifungal, antiviral and anticancer applications.

How long is Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity?

Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity by Mark W. Robinson is 63 pages long, and a total of 15,939 words.

This makes it 21% the length of the average book. It also has 19% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 27 minutes to read Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity aloud.

What Reading Level is Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity?

Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity?

Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity by Mark W. Robinson is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Antimicrobial Peptides: Utility Players in Innate Immunity by Mark W. Robinson on Amazon click the button below.