How Long to Read Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining

How Long Does it Take to Read Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 7 minutes to read Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining by Katherine von Stackelberg

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This framework document provides a pragmatic approach for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from small-scale artisanal gold mining activities. A primary goal is to support environmental burden of disease evaluations, which attempt to attribute health outcomes to specific sources of pollution. The guidelines provide recommendations on the most appropriate and cost-effective sampling and analysis methods to ensure the collection of representative population-level data, sample size recommendations for each contaminant and environmental media, biological sampling data, household survey data, and health outcome data. This framework focuses on small-scale artisanal gold mining (ASGM) activities that are known to use and generate mercury (Hg) as well as other metals, such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), depending on the specific ores being mined. A particular concern with Hg is the conversion to methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic environments, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in fish that may be locally consumed. Exposure to Hg, MeHg, and Pb are strongly associated with neurodevelopmental health outcomes in children. Exposure to Hg and MeHg are also associated with neurological illnesses in adults. Exposures to Pb are associated with renal outcomes in children and adults, and cardiovascular outcomes in adults. Exposure to As are associated with neurodevelopmental health outcomes in children, arsenicosis and skin disorders in children and adults, and potential cancers in adults, including skin, bladder, and lung. The primary objective of this framework is to guide research to assess the relationship between environmental contamination, exposures, and health outcomes related to a subset of contaminants originating from ASGM activities for particularly vulnerable populations (such as children) and the general population within a single household in the vicinity of ASGM sites in low- and medium-income countries. To achieve this objective, biomonitoring and health outcome data are linked to household survey and environmental data (for example, soil, dust, water, agricultural products, fish) at the individual level from an exposed population compared to individuals from an unexposed (reference) population. Data on exposures and health outcomes in the same individual across a representative set of individuals is required to support an understanding of the potential impact of ASGM activities on local populations. These guidelines can also assist in building local capacity to conduct environmental assessments following a consistent methodology to facilitate comparability across ASGM sites in different geographic areas. Sampling strategies and methods are prioritized given information needs, resource availability, and other constraints or considerations. The framework includes a number of supporting appendixes that provide additional resources and references on relevant topics.

How long is Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining?

Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining by Katherine von Stackelberg is 125 pages long, and a total of 31,875 words.

This makes it 42% the length of the average book. It also has 39% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 54 minutes to read Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining aloud.

What Reading Level is Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining?

Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining?

Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining by Katherine von Stackelberg is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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