How Long to Read Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals

How Long Does it Take to Read Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 43 minutes to read Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals by A.V. Khotkevich

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The characteristics of electrical contacts have long attracted the attention of researchers since these contacts are used in every electrical and electronic device. Earlier studies generally considered electrical contacts of large dimensions, having regions of current concentration with diameters substantially larger than the characteristic dimensions of the material: the interatomic distance, the mean free path for electrons, the coherence length in the superconducting state, etc. [110]. The development of microelectronics presented to scientists and engineers the task of studying the characteristics of electrical contacts with ultra-small dimensions. Characteristics of point contacts such as mechanical stability under continuous current loads, the magnitudes of electrical fluctuations, inherent sensitivity in radio devices and nonlinear characteristics in connection with electromagnetic radiation can not be understood and altered in the required way without knowledge of the physical processes occurring in contacts. Until recently it was thought that the electrical conductivity of contacts with direct conductance (without tunneling or semiconducting barriers) obeyed Ohm's law. Nonlinearities of the current-voltage characteristics were explained by joule heating of the metal in the region of the contact. However, studies of the current-voltage characteristics of metallic point contacts at low (liquid helium) temperatures [142] showed that heating effects were negligible in many cases and the nonlinear characteristics under these conditions were observed to take the form of the energy dependent probability of inelastic electron scattering, induced by various mechanisms.

How long is Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals?

Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals by A.V. Khotkevich is 162 pages long, and a total of 40,824 words.

This makes it 55% the length of the average book. It also has 50% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 43 minutes to read Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals aloud.

What Reading Level is Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals?

Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals?

Atlas of Point Contact Spectra of Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals by A.V. Khotkevich is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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