How Long to Read Autonomic Nervous System

How Long Does it Take to Read Autonomic Nervous System?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 51 minutes to read Autonomic Nervous System by Philip E. Cryer

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The concept of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) in diabetes posits that recent antecedent hypoglycemia, as well as sleep or prior exercise, causes both defective glucose counterregulation (by attenuating the adrenomedullary epinephrine response, in the setting of absent insulin and glucagon responses) and hypoglycemia unawareness (by attenuating the sympathoadrenal, largely the sympathetic neural, response) and thus a vicious cycle of recurrent hypoglycemia. Albeit with different time courses, the pathophysiology of defense against hypoglycemia – no decrease in therapeutic insulin, no increase in glucagon and an attenuated increase in sympathoadrenal activity – is the same in type 1 diabetes and advanced type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia unawareness is reversible by 2–3 weeks of scrupulous avoidance of hypoglycemia in most affected patients. The pathophysiology of HAAF in diabetes explains why the incidence of hypoglycemia increases as patients approach the absolute endogenous insulin deficient end of the disease, provides a comprehensive set of risk factors including those indicative of HAAF, and leads logically to the practice of hypoglycemia risk factor reduction. Because of the risk of hypoglycemic mortality, presumably from cardiac arrhythmias, glycemic goals in diabetes should be individualized, based in part on the risk of hypoglycemia. By practicing hypoglycemia risk reduction – addressing the issue, applying the principles of aggressive glycemic therapy and considering both the conventional risk factors and those indicative of HAAF – it is possible to both improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in many patients with diabetes.

How long is Autonomic Nervous System?

Autonomic Nervous System by Philip E. Cryer is 464 pages long, and a total of 117,856 words.

This makes it 157% the length of the average book. It also has 144% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Autonomic Nervous System Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 44 minutes to read Autonomic Nervous System aloud.

What Reading Level is Autonomic Nervous System?

Autonomic Nervous System is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Autonomic Nervous System?

Autonomic Nervous System by Philip E. Cryer is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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