How Long to Read Autophagy

How Long Does it Take to Read Autophagy?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 20 minutes to read Autophagy by Rajesh Kumar Dutta

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Tuberculosis is still a major threat to the human population, and understanding the strategies employed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been a challenge to researchers for decades. The significance of IL6 production in tuberculosis is still not clear, although it has been known for quite some time that IL6 interferes with IFN-γ induced signaling. Recently, research from our laboratory has identified a significant strategy adopted by virulent mycobacteria. Virulent mycobacteria upregulate IL6 production to inhibit IFN-γ induced autophagy formation, and thus avoid phagosome maturation and subsequent killing by lysosomal enzymes. This report is based on several observations. Exogenous IL6 inhibits IFN-γ induced autophagy in M. tuberculosis H37Rv-infected macrophages. M. tuberculosis H37Rv infection results in time-dependent production of IL6 in THP-1 cells, and neutralization of this endogenous IL6 by anti-IL6 antibody significantly enhances IFN-γ mediated killing of the intracellular bacteria. IL6 time-dependently lowers the Atg12–Atg5 complex and therefore inhibits autophagosome biogenesis rather than autophagolysosome formation. IL6 also affects IFN-γ mediated stimulation of mTOR, p38, and JNK pathways.

How long is Autophagy?

Autophagy by Rajesh Kumar Dutta is 440 pages long, and a total of 110,000 words.

This makes it 148% the length of the average book. It also has 134% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Autophagy Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 1 minute to read Autophagy aloud.

What Reading Level is Autophagy?

Autophagy is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Autophagy?

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