How Long to Read Backdoor Lawmaking

How Long Does it Take to Read Backdoor Lawmaking?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 32 minutes to read Backdoor Lawmaking by Melinda N. Ritchie

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Civics textbooks focus on how Congress makes policy through the legislative process, but the reality is that members of Congress have limited opportunities to advance their policy priorities. In fact, less than five percent of the bills that are introduced in Congress become law. Even the most tenacious legislators are confronted by bicameralism, partisan gridlock, chamber procedures, leadership's control of the agenda, and the diverse interests of 534 other members of Congress. What strategies do lawmakers have for navigating these challenges? In this book, Melinda N. Ritchie reveals how members of Congress use the federal bureaucracy as a backdoor for policymaking. Today, more law in the United States is made by unelected bureaucrats through federal agency regulations than with congressional statute. Ritchie argues that the bureaucracy's growing role in policymaking offers lawmakers a discreet way to represent controversial interests outside of the formal constraints of Congress. Lawmakers overcome obstacles in the legislative process by substituting agency regulations for legislation and pressuring agencies to make policy changes that would not pass Congress. Drawing on an original dataset constructed from records obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, Ritchie traces the interactions between members of Congress and federal agencies to illustrate how these communications function as part of a lawmaker's overarching strategy for policymaking. Original and timely, Backdoor Lawmaking explains how members of Congress exploit the separation of powers and evade the lawmaking process established in the US Constitution.

How long is Backdoor Lawmaking?

Backdoor Lawmaking by Melinda N. Ritchie is 266 pages long, and a total of 68,096 words.

This makes it 90% the length of the average book. It also has 83% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Backdoor Lawmaking Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 6 hours and 12 minutes to read Backdoor Lawmaking aloud.

What Reading Level is Backdoor Lawmaking?

Backdoor Lawmaking is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Backdoor Lawmaking?

Backdoor Lawmaking by Melinda N. Ritchie is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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