How Long to Read Behavioral Mechanisms of Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Wild Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca Leonina).

How Long Does it Take to Read Behavioral Mechanisms of Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Wild Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca Leonina).?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 30 minutes to read Behavioral Mechanisms of Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Wild Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca Leonina). by Cindy Lee Carlson

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Evolutionary theory predicts the sex with the higher level of investment in an offspring should be choosier when picking a mate. In primates, as in other mammals, this phenomenon would manifest as female choice. However, in nature female mate choice is often constrained by other factors, such as high levels of sexual size dimorphism and the risk of infanticide. Conditions where precopulatory mate choice would be costly could result in the evolution of mechanisms of postcopulatory choice. In some primate species, females give copulation calls following the termination of a copulation, and this is believed to be a mechanism of postcopulatory female choice. A field study of wild northern pigtailed macaques (Macaca leonina) was undertaken in order to determine the function of the copulation call in this species. This species has never been studied in the wild, so an overview of their social structure and ecology is presented. Then general patterns of sexual behavior are described and analyzed, followed by an analysis of the usage and function of copulation calls. As in other primate species, dominance rank of both males and females plays an important role in copulatory behavior. The alpha male achieved the greatest copulatory success, and his efforts were concentrated on high-ranking females. Copulation calls are given most frequently by high-ranking females, but the rank of the male partner does not affect the propensity of a female to give a copulation call following a copulation. However, as it is primarily high-ranking females that give copulation calls and the alpha male mates most frequently with high ranking females, a higher percentage of copulations involving the alpha male were followed by copulation calls than for other males. Mount series in which the female gave a copulation call were of longer duration and more likely to end in ejaculation. They were also less likely to be followed by the female mating with a different male. General rates of behaviors largely remained the same after a copulation call, with the exception of receiving decreased aggression from the male partner and spending more time engaged in grooming with males other than the current partner. These data show that copulation calls result in increased interest by other males, resulting in the increased time spent grooming, and by the consort male, resulting in longer mount series and a higher likelihood of ejaculation. As such, I conclude that copulation calls are a mechanism of postcopulatory female choice utilized primarily by high-ranking females and indicate a preference for the current partner.

How long is Behavioral Mechanisms of Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Wild Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca Leonina).?

Behavioral Mechanisms of Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Wild Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca Leonina). by Cindy Lee Carlson is 150 pages long, and a total of 37,500 words.

This makes it 51% the length of the average book. It also has 46% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Behavioral Mechanisms of Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Wild Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca Leonina). Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 24 minutes to read Behavioral Mechanisms of Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Wild Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca Leonina). aloud.

What Reading Level is Behavioral Mechanisms of Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Wild Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca Leonina).?

Behavioral Mechanisms of Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Wild Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca Leonina). is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

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Where Can I Buy Behavioral Mechanisms of Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Wild Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca Leonina).?

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