How Long to Read Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply

How Long Does it Take to Read Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 29 minutes to read Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply by Adam Postawa

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply is one of a series produced by the International Water Association’s Specialist Group on Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water. Iron and manganese are often found in soft upland water sources associated with natural organic matter and are also commonly found in the groundwater abstracted from confined and unconfined aquifers. The presence of iron and manganese in water is one of the most frequent reasons for customers’ complaint due to aesthetic issues (yellow, brown and black or stains on laundry and plumbing fixtures). These two metals can be removed fairly readily by physico-chemical treatment. The municipal treatment systems deployed derive benefit from their larger scale, particularly in relation to control, but the processes used are less suitable for the numerous small supplies that are the most common water supplies throughout Europe, especially in rural areas. One important source of iron in drinking water is from old corroded cast-iron water mains, historically the material used most commonly in supply networks. Replacement and refurbishment is very expensive and the major challenge is how best to prioritize available expenditure. The purpose for this Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply is to give readers the broad view of a problem based on state-of-the-art compilation of the range of scientific, engineering, regulatory and operational issues concerned with the control of iron and manganese in drinking water. The Guide is of interest to water utility practitioners, health agencies and policy makers, as well as students on civil engineering and environmental engineering courses. Authors: Dr Adam Postawa, AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environment Protection, Krakow, Poland and Dr Colin R Hayes, University of Swansea, UK, Chair of IWA Specialist Group on Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water.

How long is Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply?

Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply by Adam Postawa is 146 pages long, and a total of 37,376 words.

This makes it 49% the length of the average book. It also has 46% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 24 minutes to read Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply aloud.

What Reading Level is Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply?

Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply?

Best Practice Guide on the Control of Iron and Manganese in Water Supply by Adam Postawa is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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