How Long to Read Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups

How Long Does it Take to Read Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups?

It takes the average reader and 50 minutes to read Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups by Deborah G Ancona

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Although researchers and practitioners have long claimed a relationship between group process and performance, results of studies actually testing that relationship have been equivocal (Goodman, 1986). There seems to be little concrete evidence that intervening to improve a group's process actually enhances performance (Kaplan, 1979). Nor does it seem that general models of group behavior allow us to understand why some groups are more effective than others (Goodman, 1986; Hackman & Morris, 1975). Three factors appear to contribute to these equivocal results. First, models of group process often have failed to address the complete range of group behaviors, particularly those that describe how members of the group interact with others external to the group (Ancona, 1988). Second, researchers have often failed to take into account differences in the tasks that groups must complete (Goodman, 1986). Different tasks clearly require different processes for high performance (Herold, 1979). Third, researchers have often used global frameworks that are very general to predict performance rather than producing fine-grained models with clear variables and operational measures (Goodman, Ravlin, & Schminke, 1987). Together, these three factors may explain why group process often fails to covary with the performance of groups operating within organizations. Since the tasks of many groups within organizations require interdependent action, failure to consider the external interactions required and the lack of inclusive, fine-grained models of group process make it unlikely that the appropriate process variables related to performance will be measured...

How long is Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups?

Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups by Deborah G Ancona is 50 pages long, and a total of 12,500 words.

This makes it 17% the length of the average book. It also has 15% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 8 minutes to read Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups aloud.

What Reading Level is Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups?

Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups?

Beyond Task and Maintenance--Defining External Functions in Groups by Deborah G Ancona is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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