How Long to Read Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Indoplnorbis exustus From Godavari River

How Long Does it Take to Read Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Indoplnorbis exustus From Godavari River?

It takes the average reader and 58 minutes to read Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Indoplnorbis exustus From Godavari River by Dr. SRINIVAS RAO BHUPALWAR & Dr. AMJADKHAN V. PATHAN

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Most of the heavy metal are constituents of the aquatic environment some of them are biologically essential. But some metals like Hg, Cd, Zn etc. are highly hazardous to aquatic biota and normally occur in low concentration. A few investigators studied the toxic effects of mercury and other heavy metals to aquatic animals, particularly fishes to assess the pollution hazards due to metals. Amongst pollutants, non-essential metals are major cause of concern for aquatic environment because of their toxicity, persistency, tendency to accumulate in organism and in undergoing food chain amplification (Kneip and Louer, 1973 and Vinikour et al., 1980). Heavy metals such as Hg, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni etc. generally exist within the earth crust in trace concentrations. In traces these metals are necessary for normal metabolism of the living organisms as these facilitate physiological functioning and also form part of structural components. However, anthropogenic activities such as industrial processing and use of metals, alloys and metallic compounds result in environmental contamination (Dar, 2002). Discharge of such metal containing effluents into the aquatic environment and drainage of residues of mining, there is manifold increase in the contents of these metals in the aquatic media (Kelkar, 2001) such as ponds, lakes, rivers and dams of India. According to a survey report of ATSDR (2001) almost 70% of the Indian available water has been reported to be extensively contaminated by heavy metals and other categories of chemicals. Heavy metal pollution in freshwater bodies assumes considerable significance because these are stable compounds and hence, not readily disposed off by the processes of oxidation, precipitation etc and adversely affect the activity of the animals. Heavy metals have a unique property of accumulation in organisms from very low concentration in water from lakes, rivers and dams (Kulkarni, 2000).

How long is Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Indoplnorbis exustus From Godavari River?

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Indoplnorbis exustus From Godavari River by Dr. SRINIVAS RAO BHUPALWAR & Dr. AMJADKHAN V. PATHAN is 57 pages long, and a total of 14,649 words.

This makes it 19% the length of the average book. It also has 18% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Indoplnorbis exustus From Godavari River Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 20 minutes to read Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Indoplnorbis exustus From Godavari River aloud.

What Reading Level is Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Indoplnorbis exustus From Godavari River?

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Indoplnorbis exustus From Godavari River is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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