How Long to Read Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining

How Long Does it Take to Read Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining?

It takes the average reader 20 hours to read Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining by Nour Shafik El-Gendy

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Petroleum refining and process engineering is constantly changing. No new refineries are being built, but companies all over the world are still expanding or re-purposing huge percentages of their refineries every year, year after year. Rather than building entirely new plants, companies are spending billions of dollars in the research and development of new processes that can save time and money by being more efficient and environmentally safer. Biodesulfurization is one of those processes, and nowhere else it is covered more thoroughly or with more up-to-date research of the new advances than in this new volume from Wiley-Scrivener. Crude oil consists of hydrocarbons, along with other minerals and trace elements. Sulfur is the most abundant element after carbon and hydrogen, then comes after it nitrogen, and they usually concentrated in the higher boiling fractions of the crude oil. The presence of sulfur compounds causes the corrosion of refining facilities and catalysts poisoning. Moreover, the presence of nitrogen-compounds directly impacts the refining processes via; poisoning the cracking catalysts and inhibiting the hydrodesulfurization catalysts. In addition, both have bad impacts on the environment, throughout the sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions. Removing this sulfur and nitrogen from the refining process protects equipment and the environment and creates a more efficient and cost-effective process. Besides the obvious benefits to biodesulfurization, there are new regulations in place within the industry with which companies will, over the next decade or longer, spend literally tens, if not hundreds, of billions of dollars to comply. Whether for the veteran engineer needing to update his or her library, the beginning engineer just learning about biodesulfurization, or even the student in a chemical engineering class, this outstanding new volume is a must-have. Especially it covers also the bioupgrading of crude oil and its fractions, biodenitrogenation technology and application of nanotechnology on both bio-desulfurization and denitrogenation technologies.

How long is Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining?

Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining by Nour Shafik El-Gendy is 1,200 pages long, and a total of 300,000 words.

This makes it 405% the length of the average book. It also has 367% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 27 hours and 19 minutes to read Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining aloud.

What Reading Level is Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining?

Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining?

Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining by Nour Shafik El-Gendy is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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