How Long to Read Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends

How Long Does it Take to Read Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 56 minutes to read Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends by Christina Lynn Hueschen

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Each time a cell divides, the microtubule cytoskeleton self-organizes into the metaphase spindle: an ellipsoidal steady-state structure that holds its stereotyped shape despite microtubule turnover and internal stresses. This ellipsoidal architecture, in which microtubule minus-ends are focused into two poles, is essential to the spindle's function of accurately segregating chromosomes. In this work, I ask how the spindle forms and holds its steady-state shape. I report that the molecular motor dynein and the microtubule binding-protein NuMA are essential for mammalian spindles to reach and hold a steady-state geometry. In their absence, the kinesin-5 Eg5 powers a turbulent microtubule network that can drive flow of cytoplasmic organelles and whole-cell movement. Dynein and NuMA were previously known to be essential for spindle pole formation, but we did not know their contribution to shape stabilization at the whole-spindle scale---nor did we know how and where they pull on microtubules to build poles. Using quantitative live imaging and laser ablation, I show that dynein pulls specifically on microtubule minus-ends, rapidly transporting them towards poles. Dynein localization to microtubule minus- ends depends on NuMA, which recruits the dynein adaptor dynactin to minus-ends. Contrary to previous models, NuMA localization to minus-ends is independent of dynein and involves a C-terminal region outside its canonical microtubule-binding domain. Thus, NuMA serves as a mitosis-specific minus-end cargo adaptor, targeting dynein activity to minus-ends to cluster spindle microtubules into poles. This microtubule end-clustering compacts the spindle microtubule network to a defined geometry and suppresses network turbulence, maintaining a steady-state spindle shape over long timescales.

How long is Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends?

Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends by Christina Lynn Hueschen is 174 pages long, and a total of 44,196 words.

This makes it 59% the length of the average book. It also has 54% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 1 minute to read Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends aloud.

What Reading Level is Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends?

Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends?

Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends by Christina Lynn Hueschen is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Building the Mitotic Spindle: Spatial Regulation and Function of Force at Microtubule Minus-Ends by Christina Lynn Hueschen on Amazon click the button below.