How Long to Read Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits

How Long Does it Take to Read Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits?

It takes the average reader and 40 minutes to read Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits by Francesca G Caselli

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This paper estimates the effects of the Maastricht treaty’s fiscal criterion on EU countries’ general government deficits. We combine treatment effects methods with bunching estimation, and find that the 3 percent deficit rule acts as a “magnet”, increasing the number of observations around the threshold, while reducing the occurrence of both large government deficits and surpluses. After the rule is adopted, the distribution of government deficits among EU countries displays 20 percent excess mass around the deficit ceiling compared to a counterfactual distribution in which countries have the same observable characteristics but without the fiscal rule. Most of the bunching response comes from a reduction in the number of high deficit observations. We also find that the average treatment effect on fiscal deficits is positive and statistically significant. Finally, we derive country-specific impacts under a rank invariance assumption and find that all EU countries have seen their fiscal position improve on average as a result of the deficit rule.

How long is Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits?

Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits by Francesca G Caselli is 39 pages long, and a total of 10,101 words.

This makes it 13% the length of the average book. It also has 12% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 55 minutes to read Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits aloud.

What Reading Level is Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits?

Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits?

Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits by Francesca G Caselli is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Bunching at 3 Percent: The Maastricht Fiscal Criterion and Government Deficits by Francesca G Caselli on Amazon click the button below.