How Long to Read Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds

How Long Does it Take to Read Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds?

It takes the average reader 6 hours and 50 minutes to read Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds by Edward Furimsky

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The book provides the most up-to-date information on testing and development of hydroprocessing catalysts with the aim to improve performance of the conventional and modified catalysts as well as to develop novel catalytic formulations. Besides diverse chemical composition, special attention is devoted to pore size and pore volume distribution of the catalysts. Properties of the catalysts are discussed in terms of their suitability for upgrading heavy feeds. For this purpose atmospheric residue was chosen as the base for defining other heavy feeds which comprise vacuum gas oil, deasphalted oil and vacuum residues in addition to topped heavy crude and bitumen. Attention is paid to deactivation with the aim to extent catalyst life during the operation. Into consideration is taken the loss of activity due to fouling, metal deposition, coke formed as the result of chemical reaction and poisoning by nitrogen bases. Mathematical models were reviewed focussing on those which can simulate performance of the commercial operations. Configurations of hydroprocessing reactors were compared in terms of their capability to upgrade various heavy feeds providing that a suitable catalyst was selected. Strategies for regeneration, utilization and disposal of spent hydroprocesing catalysts were evaluated. Potential of the non-conventional hydroprocessing involving soluble/dispersed catalysts and biocatalysts in comparison with conventional methods were assessed to identify issues which prevent commercial utilization of the former. A separate chapter is devoted to catalytic dewaxing because the structure of dewaxing catalysts is rather different than that of hydroprocessing catalysts, i.e., the objective of catalytic dewaxing is different than that of the conventional hydroprocessing, The relevant information in the scientific literature is complemented with the Patent literature covering the development of catalysts and novel reactor configurations. Separate chapter was added to distinguish upgrading capabilities of the residues catalytic cracking processes from those employing hydroprocessing. Upper limits on the content of carbon residue and metals in the feeds which can still be upgraded by the former processes differ markedly from those in the feeds which can be upgraded by hydroprocessing. It is necessary that the costs of modifications of catalytic cracking processes to accommodate heavier feeds are compared with that of hydroprocessing methods. Objective of the short chapter on upgrading by carbon rejecting processes was to identify limits of contaminants in heavy feeds beyond which catalytic upgrading via hydroprocessing becomes uneconomical because of the costs of catalyst inventory and that of reactors and equipment. - Comprehensive and most recent information on hydroprocessing catalysts for upgrading heavy petroleum feeds. - Compares conventional, modified and novel catalysts for upgrading a wide range of heavy petroleum feeds. - Comparison of conventional with non-conventional hydroprocessing, the latter involving soluble/dispersed catalysts and biocatalysts. - Development and comparison of mathematical models to simulate performance of catalytic reactors including most problematic feeds. - Residues upgrading by catalytic cracking in comparison to hydroprocessing.

How long is Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds?

Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds by Edward Furimsky is 404 pages long, and a total of 102,616 words.

This makes it 136% the length of the average book. It also has 125% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 9 hours and 20 minutes to read Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds aloud.

What Reading Level is Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds?

Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds?

Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds by Edward Furimsky is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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