How Long to Read Challenging Moscow's Message

How Long Does it Take to Read Challenging Moscow's Message?

It takes the average reader to read Challenging Moscow's Message by Ilan Berman

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The phenomenon of disinformation is far from new. While the term is now distorted by overuse, as well as by its conflation with ideas such as "fake news" that permeate contemporary politics, it is a concept with both a long history and a distinct strategic purpose - one that represents among the most enduring an well-established tools of Soviet (and now Russian) asymmetric warfare. To be sure, the use of propaganda and deception in politics and war has a long history, dating back millennia. Even so, the Russian relationship with - and weaponization of - disinformation as tool of statecraft stands out, both for its effectiveness and for its durability. Quite simply, information manipulation has long served as a seminal shaping tool in the Kremlin's interactions with the world. And today, because of a changed global media environment and the increasingly adversarial, expansionist foreign policy being pursued under Vladimir Putin, it has arguably assumed greater significance than ever before.

How long is Challenging Moscow's Message?

Challenging Moscow's Message by Ilan Berman is 0 pages long, and a total of 0 words.

This makes it 0% the length of the average book. It also has 0% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Challenging Moscow's Message Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes to read Challenging Moscow's Message aloud.

What Reading Level is Challenging Moscow's Message?

Challenging Moscow's Message is suitable for students ages 2 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Challenging Moscow's Message?

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