How Long to Read Chemical Complexity

How Long Does it Take to Read Chemical Complexity?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 34 minutes to read Chemical Complexity by Alexander S. Mikhailov

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This book provides an outline of theoretical concepts and their experimental verification in studies of self-organization phenomena in chemical systems, as they emerged in the mid-20th century and have evolved since. Presenting essays on selected topics, it was prepared by authors who have made profound contributions to the field. Traditionally, physical chemistry has been concerned with interactions between atoms and molecules that produce a variety of equilibrium structures - or the 'dead' order - in a stationary state. But biological cells exhibit a different 'living' kind of order, prompting E. Schrödinger to pose his famous question “What is life?” in 1943. Through an unprecedented theoretical and experimental development, it was later revealed that biological self-organization phenomena are in complete agreement with the laws of physics, once they are applied to a special class of thermodynamically open systems and non-equilibrium states. This knowledge has in turn led to the design and synthesis of simple inorganic systems capable of self-organization effects. These artificial 'living organisms' are able to operate on macroscopic to microscopic scales, even down to single-molecule machines. In the future, such research could provide a basis for a technological breakthrough, comparable in its impact with the invention of lasers and semiconductors. Its results can be used to control natural chemical processes, and to design artificial complex chemical processes with various functionalities. The book offers an extensive discussion of the history of research on complex chemical systems and its future prospects.

How long is Chemical Complexity?

Chemical Complexity by Alexander S. Mikhailov is 208 pages long, and a total of 53,664 words.

This makes it 70% the length of the average book. It also has 66% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Chemical Complexity Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 53 minutes to read Chemical Complexity aloud.

What Reading Level is Chemical Complexity?

Chemical Complexity is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Chemical Complexity?

Chemical Complexity by Alexander S. Mikhailov is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Chemical Complexity by Alexander S. Mikhailov on Amazon click the button below.