How Long to Read Chemical Risk Indicator Scoping Study

How Long Does it Take to Read Chemical Risk Indicator Scoping Study?

It takes the average reader to read Chemical Risk Indicator Scoping Study by Sandrine Andres

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Description

This scoping study was conducted with the aim to develop indicators to support the assessment of the progress made in implementing the goals of the European Green Deal (EC, 2019), including key elements such as the Chemical Strategy for Sustainability – towards a toxic-free environment, the Zero Pollution ambitions as well as the Biodiversity strategy (EC, 2021c, EC, 2020a). Thousands of chemicals resulting from human activities may be emitted into the environment which requires prioritisation actions for their safe management and reduce harm to human health and ecosystems. An estimation of potential harmful effects can be obtained from predicted risk or observed impacts on species or ecosystems, including changes in the diversity or size of the populations. Under the existing regulatory framework addressing the placing on the market of substances such as plant protection products (PPPs), biocides, pharmaceuticals or industrial chemicals, a risk is defined as an exceedance of standardised thresholds, which are compared to expected concentrations of chemicals, based on a certain use of a single chemical. These assessments are standardised at European or at best at regional (north/south) levels and are meant to cover any ecosystems in EU, independently from multiple exposure of chemicals at one certain area. However, ecosystems differ and exhibit their own characteristics and specificities, and due to different land use types, sensitivity of organisms might change between different ecosystems and occurring mixtures of chemicals as well. In this conceptual study, our leading approach is based on the risk, which can be summarised as a combination of hazard (toxicity) and exposure, but we introduce the specificities of a given habitat for both farmed and natural areas, by applying a protection factor within an indicator. The report focuses on terrestrial ecosystems as an example, and identifies relevant methodologies and datasets related to chemical concentrations, their effects on ecosystems (habitats and species spatial distribution) to produce risk maps for chemicals that could be applied to various ecosystems. A case study was developed to identify what would be the specification to calculate such an indicator or set of indicators. The key taxa are chosen on the basis on their importance to the ecology (e.g. plants as primary producers, and soil invertebrates for several ecosystem services within soils such as organic matter turnover), the availability of ecotoxicity data (on surrogate laboratory species) and the relevant biodiversity databases available. The spatial layers include information on ecosystems/habitats, including urban sites, agricultural lands, forests and protected habitats (rich in biodiversity) which were chosen as examples. These spatial layers are linked by ‘connectors’ which correspond to effect level data and occurrence data weighted with a specific factor defined as a protection factor, varying for different habitats. This protection factor is applied within the report as an example on how the indicator could emphasize the risk for a certain protection goal. The choice to protect a specific type of ecosystem is a policy decision that was not made during the project, but the use of the protection factor has demonstrated its flexibility in addressing different management questions.

How long is Chemical Risk Indicator Scoping Study?

Chemical Risk Indicator Scoping Study by Sandrine Andres is 0 pages long, and a total of 0 words.

This makes it 0% the length of the average book. It also has 0% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Chemical Risk Indicator Scoping Study Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes to read Chemical Risk Indicator Scoping Study aloud.

What Reading Level is Chemical Risk Indicator Scoping Study?

Chemical Risk Indicator Scoping Study is suitable for students ages 2 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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