How Long to Read Children in Medical Research

How Long Does it Take to Read Children in Medical Research?

It takes the average reader 5 hours to read Children in Medical Research by Lainie Friedman Ross

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Lainie Ross presents a rigorous critical investigation of the development of policy governing the involvement of children in medical research. She examines the shift in focus from protection of medical research subjects, enshrined in post-World War II legislation, to the current era in which access is assuming greater precedence. Infamous studies such as Willowbrook (where mentally retarded children were infected with hepatitis) are evidence that before the policy shift protection was not always adequate, even for the most vulnerable groups. Additional safeguards for children were first implemented in many countries in the 1970s and 1980s; more recent policies and guidelines are trying to promote greater participation. Ross considers whether the safeguards work, whether they are fair, and how they apply in actual research practice. She goes on to offer specific recommendations to modify current policies and guidelines. Ross examines the regulatory structures (e.g. federal regulations and institutional review boards), the ad hoc policies (e.g. payment in pediatric research and the role of schools as research venues), the actual practices of researchers (e.g. the race/ethnicity of enrolled research subjects or the decision to enroll newborns) as well as the decision-making process (both parental permission and the child's assent), in order to provide a broad critique. Some of her recommendations will break down current barriers to the enrolment of children (e.g. permitting the payment of child research subjects; allowing healthy children to be exposed to research that entails more than minimal risk without requiring recourse to 407 panels); whereas other recommendations may create new restrictions (e.g., the need for greater protection for research performed in schools; restrictions on what research should be done in the newborn nursery). The goal is to ensure that medical research is done in a way that promotes the health of current and future children without threatening, to use the words of Hans Jonas, 'the erosion of those moral values whose loss . . . would make its most dazzling triumphs not worth having'.

How long is Children in Medical Research?

Children in Medical Research by Lainie Friedman Ross is 300 pages long, and a total of 75,000 words.

This makes it 101% the length of the average book. It also has 92% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Children in Medical Research Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 6 hours and 49 minutes to read Children in Medical Research aloud.

What Reading Level is Children in Medical Research?

Children in Medical Research is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Children in Medical Research?

Children in Medical Research by Lainie Friedman Ross is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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