How Long to Read Chocolate Science and Technology

How Long Does it Take to Read Chocolate Science and Technology?

It takes the average reader 9 hours and 8 minutes to read Chocolate Science and Technology by Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This second edition provides information on recent advances in the science and technology of chocolate manufacture and the entire international cocoa industry. It provides detailed review on a wide range of topics including cocoa production, cocoa and chocolate manufacturing operations, sensory perception of chocolate quality, flavour release and perception, sugar replacement and alternative sweetening solutions in chocolate production, industrial manufacture of sugar-free chocolates as well as the nutrition and health benefits of cocoa and chocolate consumption. The topics cover modern cocoa cultivation and production practices with special attention on cocoa bean composition, genotypic variations in the bean, post-harvest pre-treatments, fermentation and drying processes, and the biochemical basis of these operations. The scientific principles behind industrial chocolate manufacture are outlined with detailed explanations of the various stages of chocolate manufacturing including mixing, refining, conching and tempering. Other topics covered include the chemistry of flavour formation and development during cocoa processing and chocolate manufacture; volatile flavour compounds and their characteristics and identification; sensory descriptions and character; and flavour release and perception in chocolate. The nutritional and health benefits of cocoa and chocolate consumption as well as the application of HACCP and other food safety management systems such as ISO 22,000 in the chocolate processing industry are also addressed. Additionally, detailed research on the influence of different raw materials and processing operations on the flavour and other quality characteristics of chocolates have been provided with scope for process optimization and improvement. The book is intended to be a desk reference for all those engaged in the business of making and using chocolate worldwide; confectionery and chocolate scientists in industry and academia; students and practising food scientists and technologists; nutritionists and other health professionals; and libraries of institutions where agriculture, food science and nutrition is studied and researched.

How long is Chocolate Science and Technology?

Chocolate Science and Technology by Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa is 536 pages long, and a total of 137,216 words.

This makes it 181% the length of the average book. It also has 168% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Chocolate Science and Technology Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 12 hours and 29 minutes to read Chocolate Science and Technology aloud.

What Reading Level is Chocolate Science and Technology?

Chocolate Science and Technology is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Chocolate Science and Technology?

Chocolate Science and Technology by Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Chocolate Science and Technology by Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa on Amazon click the button below.