It takes the average reader 11 hours and 8 minutes to read Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by Lauri Laakso
Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more
The tropospheric ozone concentrations over southern Africa are relatively high due to large precursor emissions from biomass burning, vegetation and anthropogenic sources and the intensity of solar radiation. In this study, we summarize ozone concentration data from both literature and new measurements. Further, we present data on the accumulated vegetation exposure to ozone in terms of the AOT40 index, which is calculated for the sites with hourly ozone and radiation data, with an aim to assess the potential for adverse effects on vegetation. As the seasonal variation of ozone concentrations is large, we discuss the effect of growing season onset on the stomatal gas exchange and the related potential for vegetation impacts. Finally, future research needs are discussed.
Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by Lauri Laakso is 648 pages long, and a total of 167,184 words.
This makes it 219% the length of the average book. It also has 204% more words than the average book.
The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 15 hours and 13 minutes to read Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges aloud.
Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges is suitable for students ages 12 and up.
Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.
When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.
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