How Long to Read Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment

How Long Does it Take to Read Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 51 minutes to read Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment by Roland Kallenborn

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

"Description of the project: ... The 2007 report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) identified the Arctic as the region on Earth where the most drastic environmental impacts from climate change are expected (IPCC, 2007). However, even earlier reports (AMAP, 1998; ACIA, 2005) pointed towards the considerable change in climate expected to occur in the Arctic environment. The scientific community has thus raised the following scientific questions: What is the expected extent to which climate change can affect the transport of contaminants into the Arctic, and how will climate change affect the remobilization of deposited contaminants, their bioaccumulation in the food chain, and their biological effects ... . Long-term monitoring of persistent pollutants is an integrated regulatory tool for all circum-Arctic countries and is considered an important scientific component in the AMAP program. For many contaminant groups, continuous monitoring data stretching back over more than 20 years are currently available from Arctic monitoring sites (see Annex 5, Figure A5.1). These long-term data are currently being evaluated as a suitable tool for baseline studies using the patterns and levels of selected contaminants as sentinels for early signals of the expected environmental change in Arctic environments. ... A group of ten scientists representing six Nordic research and monitoring institutions embarked on the scientific endeavor reported here. A combination of literature review, field studies, available data evaluation and model-based research was used to identify early warning signals as well as major future challenges in climate-associated combined effects research in the Arctic. The main focus for the study presented here was placed on POPs (legacy compounds and new emerging contaminants), Hg, and radioactive pollution issues (radionuclides). This study on combined effects of contaminants and climate on the Arctic environment was designed and conducted by AMAP experts aiming to clarify the scientific questions raised above"--ASTIS database.

How long is Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment?

Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment by Roland Kallenborn is 108 pages long, and a total of 27,864 words.

This makes it 36% the length of the average book. It also has 34% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 32 minutes to read Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment aloud.

What Reading Level is Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment?

Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment?

Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment by Roland Kallenborn is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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