How Long to Read Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl

How Long Does it Take to Read Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl?

It takes the average reader 6 hours and 25 minutes to read Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl by Gertrud Hönes

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The volume covers the interactions and compounds of gold with noble gases, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, and chlorine. Along with the expanding use of gold in recent years, for example in electronics and in aerospace equipment, there has been an impressive series of advances in the chemistry of gold compounds and of discoveries of unusual oxidation states. Hydrogen forms a nonstoichiometric solid phase, AuHn at high pressures with a maximum value of n=0.43. Hydrides such as AuH exist only in the gaseous state. The predominant oxide is that of gold(III), Au2O3. The lower-valent oxides Au2O and AuO form during anodic oxidation of gold. There still is no evidence for definite gold(I) and gold(II) fluorides, whereas AuF3 is stable below 500oC, while it is immediately decomposed by water. The first pentavalent gold compound, (Xe2F11)AuF6, was synthesized in the early 1970's. Later, a number of new Auv compounds were prepared, among them AuF5. The highest oxidation state of gold ever realized is +7 in the recently synthesized AuF7. The major portion of this volume deals with gold chlorine-compounds. Solid AuCl has a polymeric structure with Au and Cl atoms forming zigzag chains, while the gaseous compound consists of dimeric Au2Cl2 molecules. AuCl2, which was first thought to be a compound of gold(II), actually is a mixed-valence gold(I)-gold(III) compound with the net formula Au4Cl8. The crystal structure of AuCl3 comprises discrete, planar Au2Cl6 molecules. The most important water-soluble gold compounds are the tetrachloroauric acid, HAuCl4, and its sodium and potassium salts, easy to obtain by dissolution of gold in aqua regia. They are used besides AuCl3 to prepare nearly all other gold compounds, mostly in solution via the tetrachloroaurate (III) ion ÄAuCl4Ü-.

How long is Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl?

Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl by Gertrud Hönes is 376 pages long, and a total of 96,256 words.

This makes it 127% the length of the average book. It also has 118% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 8 hours and 45 minutes to read Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl aloud.

What Reading Level is Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl?

Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl?

Compounds with Noble Gases, H, O, N, F, and Cl by Gertrud Hönes is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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