How Long to Read Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images

How Long Does it Take to Read Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 15 minutes to read Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images by P. W. Hawkes

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Towards the end of the 1960s, a number of quite different circumstances combined to launch a period of intense activity in the digital processing of electron micro graphs. First, many years of work on correcting the resolution-limiting aberrations of electron microscope objectives had shown that these optical impediments to very high resolution could indeed be overcome, but only at the cost of immense exper imental difficulty; thanks largely to the theoretical work of K. -J. Hanszen and his colleagues and to the experimental work of F. Thon, the notions of transfer func tions were beginning to supplant or complement the concepts of geometrical optics in electron optical thinking; and finally, large fast computers, capable of manipu lating big image matrices in a reasonable time, were widely accessible. Thus the idea that recorded electron microscope images could be improved in some way or rendered more informative by subsequent computer processing gradually gained ground. At first, most effort was concentrated on three-dimensional reconstruction, particu larly of specimens with natural symmetry that could be exploited, and on linear operations on weakly scattering specimens (Chap. l). In 1973, however, R. W. Gerchberg and W. O. Saxton described an iterative algorithm that in principle yielded the phase and amplitude of the electron wave emerging from a strongly scattering speci men.

How long is Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images?

Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images by P. W. Hawkes is 307 pages long, and a total of 78,899 words.

This makes it 104% the length of the average book. It also has 96% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 11 minutes to read Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images aloud.

What Reading Level is Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images?

Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images?

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