How Long to Read Conditioned Taste Aversion

How Long Does it Take to Read Conditioned Taste Aversion?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 13 minutes to read Conditioned Taste Aversion by Jan Bures

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is a robust defence device protecting animals against repeated consumption of toxic food. It is characterised by the ability of many animals to learn to avoid certain substances by their sight, smell, or taste after experiencing an unpleasant or harmful reaction to them. CTA is encountered at all levels of evolution, with similar forms of food aversion learning found in vertebrate and invertebrate species whose ancestral lines diverged more than 500 million years ago. CTA has a number of unusual properties contrasting sharply with the basic assumptions of traditional learning theories, which has brought it increasingly to the attention of neurobiologists interested in neural plasticity. In CTA, the usual time parameters between stimulus and aversion are relaxed considerably, frequently with delays of hours rather than seconds. Moreover, the critical stage of CTA acquisition may proceed under deep anaesthesia incompatible with other forms of learning. In the past decade several pivotal discoveries have considerably avanced our understanding of the neural processes underlying CTA, and opened new possibilities for their analysis at the molecular and cellular levels. This book, written by three of the world's leading researchers in the subject, comprehensively reviews the current state of research into conditioned taste aversion. The first book of its kind to provide an up-to-date summary of research into the neuroanatomy, pharmacology, electrophysiology, and functional morphology of CTA, it will be welcomed by all researchers and graduate students in the field.

How long is Conditioned Taste Aversion?

Conditioned Taste Aversion by Jan Bures is 192 pages long, and a total of 48,384 words.

This makes it 65% the length of the average book. It also has 59% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Conditioned Taste Aversion Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 24 minutes to read Conditioned Taste Aversion aloud.

What Reading Level is Conditioned Taste Aversion?

Conditioned Taste Aversion is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Conditioned Taste Aversion?

Conditioned Taste Aversion by Jan Bures is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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