How Long to Read Copper Wire Bonding

How Long Does it Take to Read Copper Wire Bonding?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 59 minutes to read Copper Wire Bonding by Preeti S Chauhan

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This critical volume provides an in-depth presentation of copper wire bonding technologies, processes and equipment, along with the economic benefits and risks. Due to the increasing cost of materials used to make electronic components, the electronics industry has been rapidly moving from high cost gold to significantly lower cost copper as a wire bonding material. However, copper wire bonding has several process and reliability concerns due to its material properties. Copper Wire Bonding book lays out the challenges involved in replacing gold with copper as a wire bond material, and includes the bonding process changes—bond force, electric flame off, current and ultrasonic energy optimization, and bonding tools and equipment changes for first and second bond formation. In addition, the bond–pad metallurgies and the use of bare and palladium-coated copper wires on aluminum are presented, and gold, nickel and palladium surface finishes are discussed. The book also discusses best practices and recommendations on the bond process, bond–pad metallurgies, and appropriate reliability tests for copper wire-bonded electronic components. In summary, this book: Introduces copper wire bonding technologies Presents copper wire bonding processes Discusses copper wire bonding metallurgies Covers recent advancements in copper wire bonding including the bonding process, equipment changes, bond–pad materials and surface finishes Covers the reliability tests and concerns Covers the current implementation of copper wire bonding in the electronics industry Features 120 figures and tables Copper Wire Bonding is an essential reference for industry professionals seeking detailed information on all facets of copper wire bonding technology.

How long is Copper Wire Bonding?

Copper Wire Bonding by Preeti S Chauhan is 235 pages long, and a total of 59,925 words.

This makes it 79% the length of the average book. It also has 73% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Copper Wire Bonding Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 27 minutes to read Copper Wire Bonding aloud.

What Reading Level is Copper Wire Bonding?

Copper Wire Bonding is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Copper Wire Bonding?

Copper Wire Bonding by Preeti S Chauhan is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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