How Long to Read Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas

How Long Does it Take to Read Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 39 minutes to read Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas by Manzoor Ahmad Mir

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Cancer is one of the most prominent causes of mortality in children and adults causing about 9 million deaths annually, is a major health problem worldwide. The transformation of normal cells to cancer cells may arise due to dysregulation of oncogenes, tumor suppressors and/or stability genes. These transformed cells are sensed by the cells of the immune system, especially T cells, through specific receptors for an effective immune response. But unfortunately even after the interaction with T cells, an effective immune response is not generated. Considering the importance of costimulation in the regulation of immune responses against relapsed cancer, the manipulation of this pathway to increase immunity, regress the growth, augment the expression of pro-apoptotic molecules and induce the apoptosis of lymphomas represents a potential therapeutic approach. This novel strategy of costimuilation activation/inhibition can be effectively exploited to develop immunotherapy either using humanized antibodies against CD80, CD86 and CD40 or CD28 fusogenic proteins for the treatment of intracellular pathogens like M. tuberculosis, HIV, L. donovani, T. cruzi, etc. This strategy can also be used as an alternative strategy or in combination with the drugs. Since this approach is based on modulating the immune system of the hosts rather than targeting the pathogen; hence it significantly diminishes chance of emergence of drug resistant strains of pathogens and if applied properly, may overcome the rising menace of infectious diseases. The potent role of costimulatory molecules is aptly established in the optimum activation of T cells and APCs; the cells that play a cardinal role in curbing the infections. Hence, immunotherapy involving costimulatory molecules can be a breakthrough strategy to treat various diseases, minimizing side effects inflicted by drug therapies and in restricting the emergence of drug resistance.

How long is Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas?

Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas by Manzoor Ahmad Mir is 215 pages long, and a total of 54,825 words.

This makes it 73% the length of the average book. It also has 67% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 59 minutes to read Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas aloud.

What Reading Level is Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas?

Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas?

Costimulation Immunotherapy for Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Lymphomas by Manzoor Ahmad Mir is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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