How Long to Read Crafting Coalitions for Reform

How Long Does it Take to Read Crafting Coalitions for Reform?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 23 minutes to read Crafting Coalitions for Reform by Peter R. Kingstone

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The success of political efforts to create a more open economy in Brazil over the past decade has depended crucially on support from the industrial sector, which long enjoyed the benefits of protection by the state from economic competition. Why businesses previously so sheltered would back neoliberal reform, and why opposition arose at times from sectors least threatened by free trade, are the puzzles this book seeks to answer. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews with industrialists and business association representatives, as well as a wide range of other sources, Peter Kingstone argues that the key to understanding the behavior of industrialists lies in the impact of four factors on their preferences for reform: the effect of economic crisis on industrialists' perception of the viability of the earlier development model; the sectoral location of their firms in the economy and the advantages historically accruing therefrom; the adjustment options available to them given their position in the market; and the credibility of the government's promises about reform and its tactical choices for getting them implemented through the political system. The mix of these four factors, Kingstone shows, left business preferences relatively malleable and thus available for support of reform, even in the face of potentially high costs. Whether such support was forthcoming depended on industrialists' perceptions of the ability of government leaders to deliver on their promises. Widespread resistance to reform occurred when leaders lost their credibility. Under Fernando Collor's leadership, that credibility was never recovered; under Fernando Henrique Cardoso's, it was recovered through increasing concessions to industrialists on the character of the reform program.

How long is Crafting Coalitions for Reform?

Crafting Coalitions for Reform by Peter R. Kingstone is 316 pages long, and a total of 80,896 words.

This makes it 107% the length of the average book. It also has 99% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Crafting Coalitions for Reform Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 22 minutes to read Crafting Coalitions for Reform aloud.

What Reading Level is Crafting Coalitions for Reform?

Crafting Coalitions for Reform is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Crafting Coalitions for Reform?

Crafting Coalitions for Reform by Peter R. Kingstone is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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