How Long to Read CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates

How Long Does it Take to Read CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 10 minutes to read CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates by Martin S. Miller

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Theoretical capability to predict the burning rate of real propellants from their ingredients would be an invaluable aid to formulating new propellants. Despite progress over the last decade on a very few simple ingredients, such as cyclotrimethylenetrintramine (RDX), and a few simple binary mixtures, no general capability of this sort exists today. This shortcoming is not due to insufficient computational resources, but to a lack of understanding of fundamental combustion mechanisms in the condensed phase and surface(gas interlace for typical propellant ingredients and their mixtures. This difficult problem is likely to remain intractable for some time to come. In this report, we demonstrate that our previously published semi-empirical formalism for single ingredients can be success fully extended to treat multi-ingredient propellants. In particular, for purposes of this report, we confine ourselves to nitrate- ester propellants, using MlO, M2, M9, and JA2 as examples. However, the method should also be applicable to other classes of homogeneous propellants and even composite propellants where mixing of ingredients in a surface melt layer or sufficiently small particle sizes remove the multi- dimensional character. The method treats the gas-phase processes on the level of elementary reaction and multicomponent transport. A semi-empirical pyrolysis law coupled with informed estimates of the decomposition products of the condensed phase enables us to finesse the absence of knowledge of the detailed processes occurring in the condensed phase and at the burning surface. Results of a computer code, CYCLOPS, based on this approach, show that both the burning rate and flame structure are well predicted for a series of four U. S. Army gun propellants.

How long is CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates?

CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates by Martin S. Miller is 68 pages long, and a total of 17,544 words.

This makes it 23% the length of the average book. It also has 21% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 35 minutes to read CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates aloud.

What Reading Level is CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates?

CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates?

CYCLOPS, A Breakthrough Code to Predict Solid-Propellant Burning Rates by Martin S. Miller is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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