How Long to Read Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs

How Long Does it Take to Read Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 54 minutes to read Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs by Mary Streid Noé

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The central dogma of molecular biology asserts the vastly important roles of nucleic acids in all domains of life. In order to explore and illuminate the intricate biomolecular interactions of nucleic acids with themselves and other biomolecules, isomorphic fluorescent nucleoside analogs have been developed. Fluorescence spectroscopy allows for the monitoring of molecular dynamics down to the subnanomolar concentration in real-time. In order to continue to evolve as a field, novel isomorphic fluorescent nucleoside analogs must be synthesized and implemented in a variety of ways. Thiophene-modified fluorescent nucleoside analogs have proven to be of significant utility. However, the low quantum yield of several of these modified fluorescent nucleosides leaves room for further experimentation and improvement. To increase fluorescence signal sensitivity for several biophysical assays, multiple incorporations of a single thiophene-modified nucleoside were explored. These resulted in an enhanced on-signal for duplex melting and annealing as well as mismatch dC detection. Additionally, in order to form pi-expanded chromophores, four new thiophene-modified fluorescent nucleoside analogs base on pyrrolo-cytidine (PyC) were synthesized and evaluated. Although these new nucleosides (fused and extended PyC analogs) are slightly larger than previous generations of Tor lab fluorescent nucleosides, they possess exceptional photophysical qualities such as unusually high brightness and sensitivity towards solvent polarity. Finally, a novel fluorescent nucleoside analog FRET system was explored in hopes of monitoring RNA helicase activity in real-time. After synthesizing a novel fluorescent nucleic acid construct, a number of important factors were illustrated with regard to the need for a further red-shifted excitation wavelength and a higher quantum yield in the presence of endogenous proteins and their autofluorescence. Further studies into nucleic acid-protein interactions with a fluorescent nucleoside FRET pair hold great promise.

How long is Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs?

Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs by Mary Streid Noé is 113 pages long, and a total of 28,589 words.

This makes it 38% the length of the average book. It also has 35% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 36 minutes to read Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs aloud.

What Reading Level is Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs?

Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs?

Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Fluorescent Thiophene-modified Nucleoside Analogs by Mary Streid Noé is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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