How Long to Read Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students

How Long Does it Take to Read Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 19 minutes to read Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students by John Gookin

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This study developed a psychometric scale to measure types and intensities of challenges (stressors) on wilderness education expeditions. This new tool can help assess developmentally appropriate challenges on wilderness education, but it also has a higher utility. A broader aim was to shift a base metaphor about stress in wilderness education from fear (Ewert, 1986b) to challenge . Stress scientists made this clarification with Selye (1974), but common language implies that stress and fear are both "bad" and primarily psychological constructs; while challenge is more open to being either positive or negative, as well as either a physical or mental test of abilities. This shifts educators' attitudes away from conventional psychology focused on treatment of pathology and towards positive psychology, which refocuses on productive, healthy, and enjoyable lifestyles (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000) and optimism (Seligman, 2006). This epistemological shift theoretically transforms wilderness education by using a conceptualization for challenge that is more open to eustress and other positive life experiences. A psychometric scale development methodology (DeVellis, 2003) was used. Students were asked what their greatest challenges were, and then constant comparison (Maykut & Morehouse, 1994) was used to reduce 648 perceived challenges to 19 challenge items. A validation sample (n=296) showed that all items contributed to the scale's internal reliability and showed that the data range had adequate normal distribution. The Outdoor Situational Fear Inventory (Young et al, 1995) was co-administered to a subsample (n=30) to test for discriminant validity of the challenge scale. The resulting scale was internally consistent ([alpha]=. 851) with 19 items and 3 factors with strong loadings including intrapersonal (.908), interpersonal (.763), and program and environment (.814). The challenge scale measures some but not all of the facets of the OSFI. This new scale offers a tool to wilderness educators to measure programmatic challenges that are developmentally appropriate.

How long is Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students?

Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students by John Gookin is 136 pages long, and a total of 34,816 words.

This makes it 46% the length of the average book. It also has 43% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 10 minutes to read Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students aloud.

What Reading Level is Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students?

Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students?

Development of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Challenge (stress) Type and Intensity in Wilderness Education Students by John Gookin is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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