How Long to Read Development of Methods for Directed and Structured Immobilization of Biomolecules

How Long Does it Take to Read Development of Methods for Directed and Structured Immobilization of Biomolecules?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 14 minutes to read Development of Methods for Directed and Structured Immobilization of Biomolecules by Björn Waterkotte

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Surface immobilized molecules play a crucial role in applied as well as in basic research. They can be found in DNA or protein-array as well as in cell-migration or biochemical interaction experiments. Especially for proteins the immobilization can critically affect molecule accessibility and activity. In this work two essential aspects of protein immobilization were investigated: the identification of suitable surface functionalization by two array approaches and the generation of laterally structured gray scale protein patterns by projection lithography. In proof-of-concept experiments a new strategy to create an array of different, neighboring functionalizations on the same surface was successfully tested. In "mechanical protection" inert plungers were applied to protect distinct surface areas from the surface functionalization reagents and allowed a selective modification of individual regions in serial reactions. In a particle based alternative approach a high spot density surface array was fabricated using functionalized, polyvinyl acetate, melamine and silicon oxide-based particles. The in situ encoded bead-based array (IEBA) allowed the study of immobilization conditions and the effect of protein adhesion. For the reliable and fast analysis of array-images with several thousand individual particles a custom open-source evaluation software was developed. To create protein patterns a custom-built projection lithography device was utilized to generate high definition protein patterns. Patterning conditions were optimized with respect to deposition speed and signal to noise ratio while retaining a biocompatible process flow. The established technology provides protein patterns with great control over the deposited surface density, patterns were transferred within seconds to minutes to functionalized glass slides. To obtain three-dimensional, surface-functionalized surfaces this approach was transferred to thin polymer films. The substrates were demonstrated to be biocompatible with mouse fibroblasts. These surfaces allow a novel level of control addressing both the chemical surrounding and the shape of a cell microenvironment.

How long is Development of Methods for Directed and Structured Immobilization of Biomolecules?

Development of Methods for Directed and Structured Immobilization of Biomolecules by Björn Waterkotte is 252 pages long, and a total of 63,504 words.

This makes it 85% the length of the average book. It also has 78% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Development of Methods for Directed and Structured Immobilization of Biomolecules Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 47 minutes to read Development of Methods for Directed and Structured Immobilization of Biomolecules aloud.

What Reading Level is Development of Methods for Directed and Structured Immobilization of Biomolecules?

Development of Methods for Directed and Structured Immobilization of Biomolecules is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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