How Long to Read Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine

How Long Does it Take to Read Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine?

It takes the average reader 9 hours and 4 minutes to read Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine by Kenneth F. Schaffner

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Kenneth F. Schaffner compares the practice of biological and medical research and shows how traditional topics in philosophy of science—such as the nature of theories and of explanation—can illuminate the life sciences. While Schaffner pays some attention to the conceptual questions of evolutionary biology, his chief focus is on the examples that immunology, human genetics, neuroscience, and internal medicine provide for examinations of the way scientists develop, examine, test, and apply theories. Although traditional philosophy of science has regarded scientific discovery—the questions of creativity in science—as a subject for psychological rather than philosophical study, Schaffner argues that recent work in cognitive science and artificial intelligence enables researchers to rationally analyze the nature of discovery. As a philosopher of science who holds an M.D., he has examined biomedical work from the inside and uses detailed examples from the entire range of the life sciences to support the semantic approach to scientific theories, addressing whether there are "laws" in the life sciences as there are in the physical sciences. Schaffner's novel use of philosophical tools to deal with scientific research in all of its complexity provides a distinctive angle on basic questions of scientific evaluation and explanation.

How long is Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine?

Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine by Kenneth F. Schaffner is 528 pages long, and a total of 136,224 words.

This makes it 178% the length of the average book. It also has 166% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 12 hours and 24 minutes to read Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine aloud.

What Reading Level is Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine?

Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine?

Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine by Kenneth F. Schaffner is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine by Kenneth F. Schaffner on Amazon click the button below.