How Long to Read Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems

How Long Does it Take to Read Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems?

It takes the average reader 6 hours and 40 minutes to read Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems by P. Sam Lake

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Droughts are a major hazard to both natural and human-dominated environments and those, especially of long duration and high intensity, can be highly damaging and leave long-lasting effects. This book describes the climatic conditions that give rise to droughts, and their various forms and chief attributes. Past droughts are described including those that had severe impacts on human societies. As a disturbance, droughts can be thought of as “ramps” in that they usually build slowly and take time to become evident. As precipitation is reduced, flows from catchments into aquatic systems decline. As water declines in water bodies, ecological processes are changed and the biota can be drastically reduced, though species and populations may survive by using refuges. Recovery from drought varies in both rates and in degrees of completeness and may be a function of both refuge availability and connectivity. For the first time, this book reviews the available rather scattered literature on the impacts of drought on the flora, fauna and ecological processes of aquatic ecosystems ranging from small ponds to lakes and from streams to estuaries. The effects of drought on the biota of standing waters and flowing waters and of temporary waters and perennial systems are described and compared. In addition, the ways in which human activity can exacerbate droughts are outlined. In many parts of the world especially in the mid latitudes, global warming may result in increases in the duration and intensity of droughts. Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems is essential reading for freshwater ecologists, water resource managers and advanced students.

How long is Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems?

Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems by P. Sam Lake is 400 pages long, and a total of 100,000 words.

This makes it 135% the length of the average book. It also has 122% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 9 hours and 6 minutes to read Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems aloud.

What Reading Level is Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems?

Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems?

Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems by P. Sam Lake is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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