How Long to Read Durable Resistance in Crops

How Long Does it Take to Read Durable Resistance in Crops?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 51 minutes to read Durable Resistance in Crops by F. Lamberti

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Plant diseases and pests are a major constraint to agricultural production despite the various measures used to control them. Chemical control, although often e~~ective, may pose environmental hazards and is relatively expensive, especially in developing countries where it may be completely uneconomic. Control through genetically mediated resistance to diseases and pests, is both cheap and environmentally sa~e and at present most diseases and pests o~ staple ~ood crops are controlled through some form of resistance. One of the basic problems in the use of resistance is its ~re quent lack of durability; very often a type of resistance is used that 'breaks down' after a certain period. The temporary nature of this resistance, due to the development of new strains of pest or pathogen able to overcome it, has seriously hindered the improvement o~ the yield potential of many crops as a continuing effort is needed to replace old cultivars who resistance has failed, with new ones. Following Vanderplank's now classical publications (1963, 1968) which differentiated horizontal and vertical resistance, studies on several host-parasite systems have shown that di~ferent types of resistance can be distinguished genetically and epidemiologically, and on the ability o~ the pests or pathogens to adapt to them. A knowledge of how resistance operates at the population level has also opened up possibilities of 'managing' relatively simple resistance types in such a way that a stable host-pathogen system can be pro duced with a minimum of crop loss.

How long is Durable Resistance in Crops?

Durable Resistance in Crops by F. Lamberti is 464 pages long, and a total of 117,856 words.

This makes it 157% the length of the average book. It also has 144% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Durable Resistance in Crops Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 44 minutes to read Durable Resistance in Crops aloud.

What Reading Level is Durable Resistance in Crops?

Durable Resistance in Crops is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Durable Resistance in Crops?

Durable Resistance in Crops by F. Lamberti is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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