How Long to Read Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere

How Long Does it Take to Read Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 20 minutes to read Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere by Sergey Pulinets

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This book discusses how the increased emanation of radon and other gases from the Earth’s crust in the vicinity of active tectonic faults triggers a chain of physical processes and chemical reactions in the atmospheric boundary layer and the Earth’s ionosphere over an earthquake area several days/hours before strong seismic shocks occur. It presents the two main concepts involved in this mechanism: atmosphere ionization and the global electric circuit. The Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) concept is strongly supported by experimental data showing the atmospheric and ionospheric precursors for major recent earthquakes including 2004 Sumatra; 2008 Sichuan, China; 2011 Tohoku, Japan; and 2015 Nepal. The book not only addresses the theoretical considerations but also includes information on experimental techniques used for precursor observations based on the space-borne systems. Providing practical methods of precursor identification and interpretation, it is an excellent textbook for graduate courses in geophysics, earthquake science, atmospheric physics and remote sensing. Moreover, it offers a wealth of information for scientists and experts from governmental and international agencies working in the fields of natural-disaster mitigation, response and recovery.

How long is Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere?

Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere by Sergey Pulinets is 309 pages long, and a total of 80,031 words.

This makes it 104% the length of the average book. It also has 98% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 17 minutes to read Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere aloud.

What Reading Level is Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere?

Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere?

Earthquake Precursors in the Atmosphere and Ionosphere by Sergey Pulinets is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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