How Long to Read Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates

How Long Does it Take to Read Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 24 minutes to read Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates by Ahmed Ragab Abdelrady Mahmoud

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

In many developing countries, water demand is increasing while surface- and groundwater resources are threatened by pollution and overexploitation. Hence, a more sustainable approach to water resources management and water treatment is required. In this capacity, bank filtration is a natural treatment process that makes use of the storage and contaminant attenuation capacity of natural soil/rock. However, BF is site-specific and a significant knowledge gap exists regarding the design and management of bank filtration systems, particularly in developing countries. This research aimed to address these gaps and contribute to the transfer of bank filtration to developing countries. This study comprised both column and batch laboratory-scale experiments to determine the effect of environmental variables such as temperature, raw water organic composition and redox conditions on the removal of chemical pollutants such as organic matter, micro-pollutants and heavy metals as well as the mobility of iron, manganese and arsenic under anaerobic conditions. Ultimately, the effectiveness of BF for supplying high drinking water quality was assessed in a case study in Egypt. The study showed that more than 80% of biodegradable organic matter was removed during infiltration at temperatures between 20 and 30 °C. However, humic compounds enriched during BF, required post-treatment. Moreover, high humic content of infiltrating water reduced the removal of heavy metal and promoted the release of metal (loids) into the infiltrating water, rendering it more feasible to install BF wells within surface water systems with low levels of organic matter. Moderately-hydrophobic organic micropollutants were most persistent and required infiltration times longer than 30 days for complete elimination even at high temperatures (>20 °C). Finally, design parameters such as the number of infiltration wells should be configured to minimise the proportion of polluted groundwater in the pumped water. Overall, this study provides insight into the effectiveness of BF in removing chemical pollutants from surface water and proposes guidelines for the successful application of BF in developing countries where arid conditions and high temperatures prevail.

How long is Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates?

Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates by Ahmed Ragab Abdelrady Mahmoud is 198 pages long, and a total of 51,084 words.

This makes it 67% the length of the average book. It also has 62% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 39 minutes to read Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates aloud.

What Reading Level is Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates?

Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates?

Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates by Ahmed Ragab Abdelrady Mahmoud is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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