How Long to Read Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality

How Long Does it Take to Read Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 14 minutes to read Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality by Terry J Logan

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Nowadays the environmental sustainability of the cropping systems is increasingly requested by the consumers. Conventional tillage practices, totally turning over the soil between the vineyard rows, may cause erosion due to rain as well as structure destruction of the soil in the long term. Conservation tillage is a soil management technique, poorly widespread in Sardinia, allowing cover cropping between vineyard rows. Furthermore, this technique makes the canopy development control of herbage possible by cutting it up during specific phenological phases. Conservation tillage usually involves direct benefits to farmers such as increasing soil fertility as well as reductionof tillage costs, soil erosion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere. This long term trial, during at least five years aims to assess the conservation tillage impact on chemical-physical soil characteristics in comparison with traditional tillage by evaluating the change of organic matter, C.E.C. and availability of major plant nutrients in the soil and to estimate their probable rise. The field plots are located in a 35% slope condition vineyard, showing massive erosion problem and organic matter low content. A split/plot design with four replications was set up, with the comparison between conservation and traditional tillage apart as main plots. Moreover, the effects of two different irrigation levels were evaluated in the subplots of each main plot. At the beginning of the trial (2011) a pedological survey was made. Three soil profiles were described and sampled along the field slope and soil sampling in each plot were made both to characterize the soil and to find the zero point. The soil chemical and physical characteristics were monitored through a second soil sampling made at the end of 2013. Conservation tillage caused increasing organic matter content and C.E.C. values. As for major plant nutrients in soil, results were more uncertain. Grapevine yield and quality parameters did not show any negative effect when passing from conventional to conservation tillage techniques. The trial provided a preliminary positive evaluation of conservation tillage. However, more years are required to confirm this trend.

How long is Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality?

Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality by Terry J Logan is 312 pages long, and a total of 78,624 words.

This makes it 105% the length of the average book. It also has 96% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 9 minutes to read Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality aloud.

What Reading Level is Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality?

Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality?

Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality by Terry J Logan is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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