How Long to Read Electrochemical Supercapacitors

How Long Does it Take to Read Electrochemical Supercapacitors?

It takes the average reader 12 hours and 5 minutes to read Electrochemical Supercapacitors by B. E. Conway

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The first model for the distribution of ions near the surface of a metal electrode was devised by Helmholtz in 1874. He envisaged two parallel sheets of charges of opposite sign located one on the metal surface and the other on the solution side, a few nanometers away, exactly as in the case of a parallel plate capacitor. The rigidity of such a model was allowed for by Gouy and Chapman inde pendently, by considering that ions in solution are subject to thermal motion so that their distribution from the metal surface turns out diffuse. Stern recognized that ions in solution do not behave as point charges as in the Gouy-Chapman treatment, and let the center of the ion charges reside at some distance from the metal surface while the distribution was still governed by the Gouy-Chapman view. Finally, in 1947, D. C. Grahame transferred the knowledge of the struc ture of electrolyte solutions into the model of a metal/solution interface, by en visaging different planes of closest approach to the electrode surface depending on whether an ion is solvated or interacts directly with the solid wall. Thus, the Gouy-Chapman-Stern-Grahame model of the so-called electrical double layer was born, a model that is still qualitatively accepted, although theoreti cians have introduced a number of new parameters of which people were not aware 50 years ago.

How long is Electrochemical Supercapacitors?

Electrochemical Supercapacitors by B. E. Conway is 714 pages long, and a total of 181,356 words.

This makes it 241% the length of the average book. It also has 222% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Electrochemical Supercapacitors Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 16 hours and 31 minutes to read Electrochemical Supercapacitors aloud.

What Reading Level is Electrochemical Supercapacitors?

Electrochemical Supercapacitors is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Electrochemical Supercapacitors?

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