How Long to Read Elevated Carbon Dioxide

How Long Does it Take to Read Elevated Carbon Dioxide?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 3 minutes to read Elevated Carbon Dioxide by M.B. Kirkham

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Between 1958 and 2008, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere increased from 316 to 385 ppm. Continued increases in CO2 concentration will significantly affect long-term climate change, including variations in agricultural yields. Focusing on this critical issue, Elevated Carbon Dioxide: Impacts on Soil and Plant Water Relations presents research conducted on field-grown sorghum, winter wheat, and rangeland plants under elevated CO2. It describes specific results from pioneering experiments performed over a seven-year period in the Evapotranspiration Laboratory at Kansas State University, along with experiments appearing in peer-reviewed journal articles. Select articles from the literature serve as examples in the text. For each paper discussed, the author includes the common and scientific name of the plant under investigation. For each experiment, the author provides the type of soil used (if given in the original article) and general conditions of the experiment. All references are carefully documented so that readers can easily find the original source. The first chapter of the book deals with drought, the three types of photosynthesis, and how water moves through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. With a focus on soil, the next several chapters discuss the composition of the soil atmosphere, the interaction of elevated CO2 with physical factors that affect root growth, variable oxygen concentration of soil, and when the atmosphere above soil is elevated with CO2. The author goes on to examine the use of carbon isotope ratios in plant science; the effects of elevated CO2 on plant water, osmotic, and turgor potentials; and stomata under elevated CO2, including stomatal conductance and density. The text also explains the effects of elevated CO2 on transpiration and evapotranspiration, explores historical aspects of water use efficiency, compares C3 and C4 plants under elevated CO2, and details the advantages of C4 photosynthesis. The concluding chapters cover plant anatomy, the effects of elevated CO2 on phenology, and measures of plant growth. How have plants responded to increased levels of atmospheric CO2? Are some plants reacting better than others? Drawing on a host of scientific studies, this text explores how rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere have impacted water in plants and soils.

How long is Elevated Carbon Dioxide?

Elevated Carbon Dioxide by M.B. Kirkham is 415 pages long, and a total of 105,825 words.

This makes it 140% the length of the average book. It also has 129% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Elevated Carbon Dioxide Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 9 hours and 38 minutes to read Elevated Carbon Dioxide aloud.

What Reading Level is Elevated Carbon Dioxide?

Elevated Carbon Dioxide is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Elevated Carbon Dioxide?

Elevated Carbon Dioxide by M.B. Kirkham is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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