How Long to Read Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia

How Long Does it Take to Read Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia?

It takes the average reader and 32 minutes to read Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia by Ninghui Li

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

High emigration rates are a challenge in the Western Balkans. High emigration rates might lead to inadequate skilled labor and affect firm creation, capital formation, and economic convergence. The 2021 North Macedonia census reveals that more than 12.4% of North Macedonians live abroad. To assess the consequences, we estimate the impact of emigration on the number of firms and capital formation. Business dynamics can affect emigration reversely. To alleviate the endogeneity bias, we use a shift-share instrument with the historical diaspora networks and destination countries’ GDP growth rate as a source of exogenous variations. Our results show that (1) In the short run, a 1 percentage point increase in the emigration rate leads to a 2.91% decrease in the number of firms in the area of origin; (2) The long-run effects of emigration on the number of firms are less negative than the short-run impacts; (3) Emigration mainly reduces the number of micro and small firms; (4) Emigration affects the number of firms and capital formation more in the industrial sector than the other sectors, through the skilled labor shortage channel. This paper contributes to the literature on emigration and provides implications and policy considerations for developing countries, where high emigration rates are prevalent.

How long is Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia?

Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia by Ninghui Li is 32 pages long, and a total of 8,064 words.

This makes it 11% the length of the average book. It also has 10% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 44 minutes to read Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia aloud.

What Reading Level is Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia?

Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia?

Emigration, Business Dynamics, and Firm Heterogeneity in North Macedonia by Ninghui Li is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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