How Long to Read Endohedral Fullerenes

How Long Does it Take to Read Endohedral Fullerenes?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 39 minutes to read Endohedral Fullerenes by Shangfeng Yang

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Endohedral fullerenes represent a novel family of carbon nanostructures, which are characterized by a robust fullerene cage with atoms, ions, or clusters trapped in its interior. Since the first separation of the endohedral metallofullerene La@C 82 in 1991, a large variety of endohedral structures have been isolated and their endohedral nature has been proved by experimental studies. Within the past two decades, the world of endohedral fullerenes was significantly enlarged by the clusterfullerenes and the new carbon cages including non-IPR (IPR=isolated pentagon rule) structures. Resulting from the charge transfer from the encaged species to the fullerene cage, endohedral fullerenes hold a lot of fascinating properties inaccessible by the empty fullerenes, and consequently promise potential applications in biomedicine, molecular electronics and photonics etc. The book provides a comprehensive overview of endohedral fullerenes focused on the new advances in the past decade, including its fundamentals (structures), synthesis, isolation, characterization, properties, functionalization as well as the applications, thus representing the most updated and broad review of this exciting field. Sample Chapter(s). Foreword (52 KB). Chapter 1: The Early Days of Metallofullerene Research (457 KB). Contents: Conventional Endohedral Metallofullerenes; Synthesis and Isolation of Endohedral Fullerenes; Structure of Endohedral Fullerenes; Metal Nitride Clusterfullerenes; Metal Carbide Clusterfullerenes; Non-IPR Endohedral Fullerenes; Metal Oxide Clusterfullerenes; Nitrogen Atom-Based Endohedral Fullerenes; Rare Gas Atoms-Based Endohedral Fullerenes; Electrochemical Properties of Endohedral Fullerenes; Chemistry of Endohedral Metallofullerenes; Computational Study of Endohedral Fullerenes; Biomedical Applications of Endohedral Fullerenes; Photovoltaic Applications of Endohedral Fullerenes. Readership: Advanced undergraduates and graduate students, scientists in Chemistry, Physics, and Materials Science, researchers and professionals in the fields of fullerenes and all-carbon nanomaterials, and the general public.

How long is Endohedral Fullerenes?

Endohedral Fullerenes by Shangfeng Yang is 447 pages long, and a total of 114,879 words.

This makes it 151% the length of the average book. It also has 140% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Endohedral Fullerenes Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 27 minutes to read Endohedral Fullerenes aloud.

What Reading Level is Endohedral Fullerenes?

Endohedral Fullerenes is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Endohedral Fullerenes?

Endohedral Fullerenes by Shangfeng Yang is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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