How Long to Read Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts

How Long Does it Take to Read Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 40 minutes to read Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts by Ilaria Negri

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Symbiosis is an intimate relationship between different living entities and is widespread in virtually all organisms. It was critical for the origin and diversification of Eukaryotes and represents a major driving force in evolution. Indeed, symbiosis may support a wide range of biological processes, including those underlying the physiology, development, reproduction, health, behavior, ecology and evolution of the organisms involved in the relationship. Although often confused with mutualism, when both organisms benefit from the association, symbiosis actually encompasses several and variable relationships. Among them is parasitism, when one organism benefits but the other is harmed, and commensalism, when one organism benefits and the other remains unaffected. Even if many symbiotic lifestyles do exist in nature, in many cases the intimacy between the partners is so deep that the “symbiont” (sensu strictu) resides into the tissues and/or cells of the other partner. Since the partners frequently belong to different kingdoms, e.g. bacteria, fungi, protists and viruses living in association with animal and plant hosts, their shared “language” should be a basic and ancient form of communication able to effectively blur the boundaries between extremely different living entities. In recent years studies on the role of epigenetics in shaping host-symbiont interactions have been flourishing. Epigenetic changes include, but are not limited to, DNA methylation, remodelling of chromatin structure through histone chemical modifications and RNA interference. In this E-book we present a series of papers exploring the fascinating developmental and evolutionary relationship between symbionts and hosts, by focusing on the mediating epigenetic processes that enable the communication to be effective and robust at both the individual, the ecological and the evolutionary time scales. In particular, the papers consider the role of epigenetic factors and mechanisms in the interactions among different species, comprising the holobiont and host-parasite relationships. On the whole, since epigenetics is fast-acting and reversible, enabling dynamic developmental communication between hosts and symbionts at several different time scale, we argue that it could account for the enormous plasticity that characterizes the interactions between all the organisms living symbiotically on our planet.

How long is Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts?

Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts by Ilaria Negri is 100 pages long, and a total of 25,000 words.

This makes it 34% the length of the average book. It also has 31% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 16 minutes to read Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts aloud.

What Reading Level is Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts?

Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts?

Epigenetics as a Deep Intimate Dialogue between Host and Symbionts by Ilaria Negri is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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