How Long to Read Essays on the Ontological Distinctions

How Long Does it Take to Read Essays on the Ontological Distinctions?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 20 minutes to read Essays on the Ontological Distinctions by Jan Dejnozka

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This book brings the ontological distinctions out of the museum of antiquities and into philosophy today, changing them greatly in the process. Mental distinctions are abolished, and all ontological distinctions are assayed as formal distinctions in the sense of having a foundation in reality. The book includes three previously unpublished essays on the ontological distinctions in Francisco Suárez, René Descartes, and Bertrand Russell. The first two essays are primarily critical and original thinking. The third essay shows how the ontological distinctions apply to the philosophy of Russell. It summarizes and goes beyond my interpretation of Russell in The Ontology of the Analytic Tradition and Its Origins (2003 / 1996). ABSTRACT OF ESSAY 1: In his "On Various Kinds of Distinctions" (de Variis Distinctionum Generibus), which is Disputatio 7 in Disputationes Metaphysicae, Francisco Suárez admits real distinction, modal distinction, and mental distinction, but rejects formal distinction. I accept his real distinction and modal distinction. But I argue against mental distinction and in favor of formal distinction. I hold that his mental distinctions ought to be formal distinctions, and that his modal distinctions are actually a kind of formal distinction. He also needs to be updated. Much of the update is due to Frege, Moore, Russell, and Wittgenstein. In particular, I define the foundation in reality of a distinction as its truth-ground. Thus all true (genuine) distinctions are formal distinctions in that modern objective sense, and none are mental or even intermediate between the mental and the real. Suárez bases his argument against formal distinction on the law of excluded middle, while Frege and Aristotle in effect find that all sorts of overlapping objects are plainly compatible with that law. I find that Frege and Aristotle are examples of how to apply the law of excluded middle, and Suárez is an example of how not to. I argue for formal distinctions in part 1. I argue against mental distinctions in part 2. Descartes follows Suárez so closely that the critique of Suárez applies to Descartes as well. ABSTRACT OF ESSAY 2: I discuss three Aristotelian versions of Bertrand Russell's infinite regress of resemblances argument for the existence of universals. Aristotle could have given them, but did not. The property regress is basically the same as Russell's. The form regress replaces Russell's exactly similar properties with exactly similar forms, and the pros hen regress replaces them with exactly similar predicative pros hen beings. But the concepts of form and of pros hen relation are problematic, especially the concept of formal distinction, which is notoriously difficult to explain. I define a distinction's foundation in reality as its truth-ground. All true (genuine) distinctions are formal in that sense; thus none can have an intermediate locus or truth-ground. And when we define foundation in reality as truth-ground and drop the intermediate locus, formal distinction becomes clear. The concept of pros hen being is problematic concerning its relation to univocal being and to analogical being. ABSTRACT OF ESSAY 3: This essay is about being qua identity theories in Bertrand Russell. A being qua identity theory is any theory that aims to define, explain, or understand some concept of being, reality, existence, or reference in terms of some concept of identity. Most philosophers know that Quine coined the slogan "no entity without identity," and that Wittgenstein understood reference in terms of identity criteria. Most also know that Russell was a primary influence on Wittgenstein and Quine on many logical and metaphysical issues. But it is not well known that Russell was also a "no entity without identity" theorist influencing Wittgenstein and Quine on the deepest ontological level. I explain all of Russell's main ontological phases as belonging to a kind of being qua identity theory which I call modified realism

How long is Essays on the Ontological Distinctions?

Essays on the Ontological Distinctions by Jan Dejnozka is 140 pages long, and a total of 35,000 words.

This makes it 47% the length of the average book. It also has 43% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Essays on the Ontological Distinctions Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 11 minutes to read Essays on the Ontological Distinctions aloud.

What Reading Level is Essays on the Ontological Distinctions?

Essays on the Ontological Distinctions is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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