How Long to Read Estimating Macro-Fiscal Effects of Climate Shocks From Billions of Geospatial Weather Observations

How Long Does it Take to Read Estimating Macro-Fiscal Effects of Climate Shocks From Billions of Geospatial Weather Observations?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 13 minutes to read Estimating Macro-Fiscal Effects of Climate Shocks From Billions of Geospatial Weather Observations by Berkay Akyapi

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

A growing literature estimates the macroeconomic effect of weather using variations in annual country-level averages of temperature and precipitation. However, averages may not reveal the effects of extreme events that occur at a higher time frequency or higher spatial resolution. To address this issue, we rely on global daily weather measurements with a 30-km spatial resolution from 1979 to 2019 and construct 164 weather variables and their lags. We select a parsimonious subset of relevant weather variables using an algorithm based on the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. We also expand the literature by analyzing weather impacts on government revenue, expenditure, and debt, in addition to GDP per capita. We find that an increase in the occurrence of high temperatures and droughts reduce GDP, whereas more frequent mild temperatures have a positive impact. The share of GDP variations that is explained by weather as captured by the handful of our selected variables is much higher than what was previously implied by using annual temperature and precipitation averages. We also find evidence of counter-cyclical fiscal policies that mitigate adverse weather shocks, especially excessive or unusually low precipitation episodes.

How long is Estimating Macro-Fiscal Effects of Climate Shocks From Billions of Geospatial Weather Observations?

Estimating Macro-Fiscal Effects of Climate Shocks From Billions of Geospatial Weather Observations by Berkay Akyapi is 73 pages long, and a total of 18,469 words.

This makes it 25% the length of the average book. It also has 23% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Estimating Macro-Fiscal Effects of Climate Shocks From Billions of Geospatial Weather Observations Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 40 minutes to read Estimating Macro-Fiscal Effects of Climate Shocks From Billions of Geospatial Weather Observations aloud.

What Reading Level is Estimating Macro-Fiscal Effects of Climate Shocks From Billions of Geospatial Weather Observations?

Estimating Macro-Fiscal Effects of Climate Shocks From Billions of Geospatial Weather Observations is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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Estimating Macro-Fiscal Effects of Climate Shocks From Billions of Geospatial Weather Observations by Berkay Akyapi is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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