How Long to Read Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems

How Long Does it Take to Read Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 12 minutes to read Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems by Harold L. Leverenz

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The emission rates of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from individual onsite septic systems used for the management of domestic wastewater were determined in this study. A static flux chamber method was used to determine the emission rates of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide gases from eight septic tanks and two soil dispersal systems. A technique developed for the measurement of gas flow and concentration at clean-out ports was used to determine the mass flow of gases moving through the household drainage and vent system. There was general agreement in the methane emission rates for the flux chamber and vent system methods. Several sources of variability in the emission rates were also identified. The septic tank was the primary source of methane, whereas the soil dispersal system was the principal source of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions. Methane concentrations from the soil dispersal system were found to be near ambient concentrations, similarly negligible amounts of nitrous oxide were found in the septic tank. All emissions originating in the soil dispersal system were discharged through the building vent as a result of natural, wind-induced flow. The gaseous emission rate data were determined to be geometrically distributed. The geometric mean and standard deviation (sg) of the total atmospheric emission rates for methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide based on samples from the vent system were estimated to be 10.7 (sg = 1.65), 335 (sg = 2.13), and 0.20 (sg = 3.62) g/capita d, respectively. The corresponding total anthropogenic CO2 equivalence (CO2e) of the GHG emissions to the atmosphere, is about 0.1 tonne CO2e/capita yr.

How long is Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems?

Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems by Harold L. Leverenz is 128 pages long, and a total of 33,024 words.

This makes it 43% the length of the average book. It also has 40% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours to read Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems aloud.

What Reading Level is Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems?

Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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